U.S. Military Railgun Superweapon Uses Magnetic Pulses To Fire At 4,500 MPH
A warning siren bellowed through the concrete bunker of a top-secret Naval facility where U.S. military engineers prepared to demonstrate a weapon for which there is little defense
Officials
huddled at a video screen for a first look at a deadly new supergun
that can fire a 25-pound projectile through seven steel plates and leave
a 5-inch hole.
The weapon is called a railgun and
requires neither gunpowder nor explosive. It is powered by
electromagnetic rails that accelerate a hardened projectile to
staggering velocity—a battlefield meteorite with the power to one day
transform military strategy, say supporters, and keep the U.S. ahead of
advancing Russian and Chinese weaponry.
High-Tech Railgun Promises New Military Advantage:
In conventional guns,
a bullet begins losing acceleration moments after the gunpowder
ignites. The railgun projectile gains more speed as it travels the
length of a 32-foot barrel, exiting the muzzle at 4,500 miles an hour,
or more than a mile a second.
“This is going to change the way we fight,” said U.S. Navy Adm. Mat Winter, the head of the Office of Naval Research.
The
Navy developed the railgun as a potent offensive weapon to blow holes
in enemy ships, destroy tanks and level terrorist camps. The weapon
system has the attention of top Pentagon officials also
interested in its potential to knock enemy missiles out of the sky more
inexpensively and in greater numbers than current missile-defense
systems—perhaps within a decade.
The
future challenge for the U.S. military, in broad terms, is maintaining a
global reach with declining numbers of Navy ships and land forces.
Growing expenses and fixed budgets make it more difficult to maintain
large forces in the right places to deter aggression.
“I
can’t conceive of a future where we would replicate Cold War forces in
Europe,” said Deputy Secretary of Defense Robert Work, one of the
weapon’s chief boosters. “But I could conceive of a set of railguns that
would be inexpensive but would have enormous deterrent value. They
would have value against airplanes, missiles, tanks, almost anything.”
Inside
the test bunker at Dahlgren, military officials turned to the video
monitor showing the rectangular railgun barrel. Engineer Tom Boucher,
program manager for the railgun in the Office of Naval Research,
explained: “We are watching the system charge. We are taking power from
the grid.”
Wires
splay out the back of the railgun, which requires a power plant that
generates 25 megawatts—enough electricity to power 18,750 homes.
The
siren blared again, and the weapon fired. The video replay was slowed
so officials could see aluminum shavings ignite in a fireball and the
projectile emerge from its protective shell.
“This,” Mr. Boucher said, “is a thing of beauty going off.”
The
railgun faces many technical barriers before it is battle ready. Policy
makers also must weigh geopolitical questions. China and Russia see
the railgun and other advances in U.S. missile defense as upending the
world’s balance of power because it negates their own missile arsenals.
The railgun’s prospective military advantage has made the developing technology a priority of hackers in China and Russia, officials said.
Chinese
hackers in particular have tried to penetrate the computer systems of
the Pentagon and its defense contractors to probe railgun secrets, U.S.
defense officials said. Pentagon officials declined to discuss the
matter further.
The
Navy began working on the railgun a decade ago and has spent more than
half a billion dollars. The Pentagon’s Strategic Capabilities office is
investing another $800 million—the largest share for any project—to
develop the weapon’s defensive ability, as well as to adapt existing
guns to fire the railgun’s high-tech projectiles.
Some
officials expressed concern the technology has commanded too large a
portion of resources and focus. “This better work,” one defense official
said.
The
age of the gun faded after World War II, hampered by the limited range
and accuracy of gunpowder weapons. Missiles and jet fighters dominated
the Cold War years, prompting the Navy to retire its big-gun
battleships. The railgun—and its newly developed projectiles—could
launch a new generation of the vessels.
“Part
of the reason we moved away from big guns is the chemistry and the
physics of getting the range,” said Jerry DeMuro, the chief executive of
BAE Systems, a railgun developer. “The railgun can create the kind of
massive effect you want without chemistry.”
The
Navy’s current 6-inch guns have a range of 15 miles. The 16-inch guns
of mothballed World War II-era battleships could fire a distance of 24
miles and penetrate 30 feet of concrete. In contrast, the railgun has a
range of 125 miles, officials said, and five times the impact.
“Anytime
you have a projectile screaming in at extremely high speeds—kilometers
per second—the sheer kinetic energy of that projectile is awesome,” Mr.
Work said. “There are not a lot of things that can stop it.”
Hitting a missile with a bullet—a
technical obstacle that hampered Mr. Reagan’s initiative—remains a
challenge. Railgun research leans heavily on commercial advances in
supercomputing to aim and on smartphone technology to steer the
railgun’s projectile using the Global Positioning System.
“Ten
years ago, we wouldn’t have been able to build a projectile like this
because the cellphone industry, the smartphone industry, hadn’t
perfected the components,” said William Roper, the director of the
Pentagon’s Strategic Capabilities Office. “It is a really smart bullet.”
Development
of the railgun guidance system is about done, officials said, but
circuits in the projectile must be hardened to withstand gravitational
forces strong enough to turn most miniaturized electronics to scrap. source
Geoffrey Grider | May 29, 2016 at 11:09 am | URL: http://wp.me/p1kFP6-bly
Laura J Alcorn
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